found that the gut microbiota can influence the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in mice, with Bifidobacterium being correlated with anti-tumor effects by activating dendritic cells, leading to the activation and infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy (130). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.