ICIs: improved overall survival in patients with viral-related HCC (HR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.5–0.83) compared with nonviral-related HCC (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.77–1.11) (p = 0.0259).TKI and anti-VEGF: no impact of etiology in outcome was observed with TKI/anti-VEGF therapies. The overall survival in patients with viral-related HCC (HR=0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.92) compared with nonviral-related HCC (HR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.67–1.01) (p = 0.8828). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.