TLR4 and diabetes mellitus: In myocardial biopsies from HFpEF patients with DM, a significant upregulation of DAMPs such as HMGB1 (Fig. 1B), toll-like receptors including TLR2 (Fig. 1C) and TLR4 (Fig. 1D), as well as RAGE (Fig. 1E), was observed when compared to HFpEF patients without DM.