IGFBP7 and neoplasm: Similarly, the absence of significant associations with eGFR (p = 1.000 for gene expression; p = 0.423 for serum levels) and urinary biomarkers (IGFBP-7: p = 0.777 for gene expression, p = 0.258 for serum levels; TIMP-2: p = 0.490 for gene expression, p = 1.000 for serum levels) indicates that PVR may be more closely linked to distinct aspects of MM pathophysiology, such as immune evasion and tumor biology, independent of eGFR primarily reflecting glomerular filtration function [39] and independent of renal tubular injury, which is primarily reflected by these biomarkers [40].