NFE2L2 and neoplasm: Constitutive activation of NRF2, mainly via loss-of-function mutations in the CUL3-adapter KEAP1 or gain-of-function mutations in NFE2L2, is thought to provide a fitness advantage to tumor cells in confronting metabolic/oxidative stress resulting from dysregulated growth (DeNicola et al, 2011; Rojo de la Vega et al, 2018).