Specifically, higher levels of α-Klotho were associated with a reduced risk of the above cardiometabolic diseases, indicating a protective effect (For CVD: OR 0.60 (0.38, 0.97); For General Obesity: OR 0.55 (0.39, 0.78); For Central Obesity: OR 0.44 (0.29, 0.66); For CKD: OR 0.34 (0.19, 0.60); For NAFLD: OR 0.31 (0.21, 0.46)). Here, KL is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.