TNF and neoplasm: Mechanistic studies revealed that, in prostate cancer (PCa), SERPINA3 can activate the interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α signaling pathways by promoting the expression of CXC chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), thereby increasing the recruitment of M1 macrophages into the tumor microenvironment and inhibiting the progression of PCa.