For instance, in LUAD, the upregulation of S100A2 promotes glutamine metabolism, reduces the NADP/NADPH ratio, and increases the GSH/GSSG ratio, thereby enhancing the survival and metastatic ability of tumor cells.40 Disulfidptosis, a type of cell death initiated by disulfide bond formation, is closely associated with oxidative stress.41 GSH, as the primary intracellular antioxidant, protects cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, S100A2 is linked to neoplasm.