ZIC5 and lung cancer: LUAD ranks as one of the predominant subtypes of lung cancer, with both incidence and mortality rates remaining high.22 Studies conducted by Sun et al. revealed that the expression of ZIC5 is significantly elevated in non-small cell lung cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, and silencing ZIC5 inhibited proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells.23 This study found that ZIC5 is overexpressed in LUAD, and such overexpression is significantly associated with poor prognosis for patients.