The idea could extend to wound healing – imagine an AM graft engineered to overexpress Nrf2 or HO-1, providing a localized boost in anti-oxidative defense for a non-healing ulcer, or an AM seeded with cells carrying genes for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to stimulate blood vessel growth in an ischemic limb wound. Here, HMOX1 is linked to ulcer disease.