Moreover, DEN activates various signaling pathways such as MAPK/activator protein 1 (AP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) /glycoprotein 130/Janus kinase/Signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT-3), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), rat sarcoma virus (Ras)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)/ MAPK/extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK), Wnt/β-catenin, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) leading to inflammation and subsequently the development of HCC (Schulien and Hasselblatt, 2021). Here, MTOR is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.