NPPB and atrial fibrillation: NT-pro BNP is associated with human diabetic heart triggered LVH, systolic dysfunction (LVSD), atrial fibrillation, and diastolic dysfunction (Fringu et al., 2020; Malachias et al., 2020; Malachias et al., 2022) characterized by P–R interval, QRS complex, R-amplitude, and ST segment as observed above in the present study.