Correspondingly, elevated NLRP3 signaling has been identified in human atrial tissue from individuals with diverse AF phenotypes—including paroxysmal, persistent, and postoperative forms [16,29]—as well as in clinical conditions that predispose individuals to AF, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, gut microbial dysbiosis, sepsis, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) [19,30,31,32,33,34]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.