Since both the immunological background of drug resistance in patients with schizophrenia and the effects of ECT on cytokines have been insufficiently studied [38,39,57,58,59,66,68,69,70,71,72,72], we decided to examine immunology molecules such as IL-1β, IP-10, IL-17, IL-10, TNF-α, and sIL-2 receptor in TRS patients treated with ECT. Here, TNF is linked to schizophrenia.