In a multivariate model adjusted for confounders, including age, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of T2D, FPG at the diagnosis, insulin therapy during pregnancy, and delivery factors, high-intensity BF was associated with lower HOMA-IR values, while non-intensive BF was an independent predictor of high insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 75th percentile). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.