POMC and Cushing syndrome due to macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: Hormonal deficiencies, such as growth hormone deficiency, hypercortisolism due to Cushing’s syndrome (both ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent), thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism), hyperparathyroidism, and hypogonadism, are some of the most commonly mentioned endocrine disturbances affecting bone mineral density.