C. elegans contains lipases, atgl-1 (a homolog of mammalian adipose triglyceride lipase; ATGL) and hosl-1 (a homolog of the mammalian hormone-sensitive lipase E), both of which are targets of anti-obesity studies due to their roles in lipolysis [28,51]. Here, PNPLA2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.