STIM1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: By potentially reducing STIM1–Orai1 coupling or inhibiting STIM1 oligomerization, SARAF may limit calcium-dependent activation of oncogenic pathways, such as those involving the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, both of which are implicated in HCC progression [33].