CASP3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It was observed that activities of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were significantly elevated, while bone formation indices such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were significantly reduced in the tibiae of T2DM rats.