The vascular renin–angiotensin system plays pivotal roles in vascular inflammation in the setting of common diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, and our previous study demonstrated that treatment with losartan attenuated vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive and normotensive subtotal nephrectomized rats [33,34]. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.