CCN2 and chronic kidney disease: Therefore, to gain insight into the mechanism involved in the AKI-to-CKD transition, we have investigated senescence-related mechanisms, regeneration failure, microvascular rarefaction, and progression to kidney fibrosis in a model of folic acid-induced nephrotoxicity (FAN) in tamoxifen-inducible CCN2 full knockout mice as well as the direct effect of CCN2 on endothelial senescence by in vitro studies in primary cultures of human endothelial cells.