Furthermore, AZA also exerts a pro-apoptotic effect on AML cells by targeting the c-jun-activation-domain binding protein-1 and thioredoxin axis (Jab1-Trx), a key cellular process in the pathogenesis of AML, particularly in those with the monocyte phenotype (AML-M5). The gene discussed is TXN; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.