TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It has been confirmed that the administration of the FOS+GOS in mice with induced obesity mixture leads to a reduction in the plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as other inflammatory markers, including the p65 subunit associated with the NFκB pathway, nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 [55,91].