The current study illustrates potential relationships between well-known glioma drivers in males compared to females in GBM, some of which are better understood and studied; for example, the relationship between EGFR, BCOR, and FAT4 and connections to CD44 but with potential signaling via sex-related proteins such as HCG, as well as potential metabolic programming that may drive tumor behavior, e.g., via KLK3 (BPSA) and IGFBP1, which can connect to BCOR (Figure 7). Here, IGFBP1 is linked to glioblastoma.