Transposed to the clinical setting, stage I-III BC patients with high expression of TGF-β receptor II (TβRII), TβRI and TβRII, and p-Smad2, and low expression of Smad4 had an unfavorable prognosis concerning progression-free survival, delineating here the importance of TGF-β pathway in BC [18]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to breast cancer.