Therefore, the mechanism through which the 2SP site mutation can specifically upregulate NRAMP1 expression after infection but not affect its expression in uninfected conditions may be as follows: in uninfected conditions, SP1 plays a dominant role in activating NRAMP1 expression, and its activation is independent of binding to the 1SP site or the 2SP site. This evidence concerns the gene SLC11A1 and infection.