NEFL and Alzheimer disease: Unlike the currently available CSF- and serum-based assays for measuring Amyloid beta (Aβ), phosphorylated Tau (pTau), neurofilament light chain for neuronal loss, or pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines as diagnostic aids for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases [17,49,50,51,52,53,54], there are no such tools available for detecting and monitoring WM degeneration in AD.