Further evidence supporting TPX2 as a key marker in kidney cancer development comes from a 2022 study by Peerapen et al. The researchers explored the link between kidney stone disease (KSD) and RCC progression, demonstrating that calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), a primary crystalline component of KSD, induces carcinogenic traits in normal renal cells. This evidence concerns the gene TPX2 and renal cell carcinoma.