We next performed single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) on bulk RNA sequencing data from U3065MG and SMAD4 knockdown experiments, using selected gene sets (Supplementary Table S2) related to GBM cell states [2], cell cycling [32], stemness [33], multitherapy resistance [6], cancer MES transition [34], cell size [21], quiescence [35], and senescence induced by various factors [36,37,38,39], as well as MSigDB Hallmarks (Figure 1K, Supplementary Figures S1E and S2). The gene discussed is SMAD4; the disease is glioblastoma.