During hyperglycemia, ROS also stimulates VSMCs to release IL-1, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), TNFα, histamine, and bradykinin, which disrupt the junctions between endothelial cells, increase permeability, and thereby facilitate the passage of monocytes and oxLDL [21]. Here, IL1B is linked to Hyperglycemia.