The NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein [ASC], and procaspase-1) drives the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18), ROS, and initiates cell death by pyroptosis, a mechanism contributing to BV pathogenesis [41,53,54]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and bacterial vaginosis.