Therefore, in this community-based cohort study, we tracked and analyzed the following: (1) the risk of diabetes through the different phases of menopausal transition, (2) the trajectory of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity based on the onset and timing of diabetes, and (3) the baseline level and changes in β-cell function and insulin sensitivity with respect to the menopausal phase, and their association with the risk of diabetes. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.