One hundred and sixty-seven patients (70%) were receiving the following treatment: 100 (41%) with recombinant erythropoietin, luspatercept, lenalidomide, danazol, or eltrombopag for lower-risk MDS and 53 (22%) with azacytidine or chemotherapy for higher-risk MDS. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and myelodysplastic syndrome.