HGF and neoplasm: Furthermore, TFPI2 may promote M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via PPARγ [24], which support tumor growth through immune evasion, angiogenesis, and ECM remodeling by releasing factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), VEGF, MMPs, IL-10, and TGF-β [24,153,165,166,167].