MC1R and melanoma: Interestingly, germline mutations can occur in pigmentation-related genes, such as the MITF transcription factor in melanocytes, MC1R (melanocortin receptor-1) regulated by MITF, the OCA2 gene (oculocutaneous albinism type-2), the SCL45A2 gene (solute carrier family 45 member 2) or even the tyrosinase or TYRP1 (tyrosinase-related protein-1) gene, which predispose to melanoma.