Our findings, together with existing evidence [13], suggest that TAMs are the dominant effectors driving ANXA1-mediated immunosuppression in SCLC through IL-10 and TGF-β secretion, while increased B-cells—potentially enriched in regulatory B-cells [36] —and CAFs [37] may further contribute to immune evasion by promoting Treg differentiation and remodeling the extracellular matrix, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and small cell lung carcinoma.