TLR4 and aortic valve stenosis: Our current study demonstrates that the LV myocardium of patients with concomitant DM and AS exhibits a pronounced inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. HMGB1, calprotectin) and receptors (TLR2, TLR4, RAGE) as well as enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is correlated with increased interleukin release.