The levels of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1; Fig. 1B; AS−DM: mean ± SEM: 2.991 ± 0.3215 ng/mL; AS+DM: 4.439 ± 0.5136 ng/mL) and calprotectin (Fig. 1C; AS−DM: mean ± SEM: 285.6 ± 14.28 ng/mL; AS+DM: 386.8 ± 25.94 ng/mL) were significantly elevated in the LV myocardium of AS patients with DM as compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. Here, HMGB1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.