TLR4 and diabetes mellitus: The levels of TLR2 (Fig. 1D; AS−DM: mean ± SEM: 2.504 ± 0.2063 ng/mL; AS+DM: 3.455 ± 0.3562 ng/mL), TLR4 (Fig. 1E; AS−DM: mean ± SEM: 4.111 ± 0.6366 ng/mL; AS+DM: 7.067 ± 0.9429 ng/mL), and RAGE (Fig. 1F; AS−DM: mean ± SEM: 2.158 ± 0.2820 ng/mL; AS+DM: 3.084 ± 0.2144 ng/mL) were significantly heightened in diabetic AS patients compared to non-diabetic AS patients.