At day 4 after MCAO, serum TGF-β1 levels in MCAO rats treated with Neuroncell-EX 2 × 106 cells/rat (36.4 ± 5.90 ρg/mL; p = 0.0004) and Neuroncell-EX 4 × 106 cells/rat (25.3 ± 3.42 ρg/mL; p = 0.0007) were significantly higher than stroke control rats (11.4 ± 1.42 ρg/mL) as shown in Fig. 3A. Here, TGFB1 is linked to stroke disorder.