BRAF and melanoma: We re-identified well-established oncogenes in SKCM, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF [MIM: 164757]) and NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (NRAS [MIM: 164790]) and also detected the previously described synonymous mutation hotspot in BCL2L12. 10Interestingly, our analysis also identified synonymous mutation concentration regions in genes that have not previously been implicated in melanoma, such as calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4 [MIM: 114080]), solute carrier family 27 member 5 (SLC27A5 [MIM: 603314]), and KNSTRN (MIM: 614718) (Figure 1C).