Specifically, the study examined the expression levels of genes related to inflammation (interleukin-6: IL-6) and anti-inflammation (interleukin-10: IL-10), cell-mediated immune-related molecules (T-lymphocyte antigen 4: CTLA4 and perforin: PFR1), apoptosis (fatty acid synthase: Fas), cell proliferation (nuclear receptor 4A3: NR4A3 and Ki-67), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor A: VEGF-A), cancer metastasis (epithelial cell adhesion molecule: EpCAM), and oxidative stress (nitric oxide synthase 2: NOS2). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.