When comparing CRS groups, it was found that CRSsNP had significantly higher TGF-β1 gene expression in post-operational material than CRSwNP, accordingly −8.276 ± 3.078 vs. −3.091 ± 2.524 ΔΔCT over the control group, p < 0.0001. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.