In the case of MHV-JHM infection, changes in expression (from 0% to 100%) were visible in IL-6, IL-18, IL-33, ENA-78 (CXCL5), GRO alpha (CXCL1), IP-10 (CXCL10), MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1 beta (CCL4), MIP-2 alpha (CXCL2), RANTES (CCL5), and TNF alpha (Figure 5A). Here, TNF is linked to infection.