TYMS and neoplasm: The following covariates were included in Model 1: sex (male or female), age, ECOG performance status at the start of palliative treatment (0 or 1/2), disease stage (I–IV), tumor differentiation (high/moderate, low, or mucinous), tumor location (right‐sided colon, left‐sided colon, or rectum), percentage of tumor epithelial cells in the specimen, ABCC3, RFC‐1, PCFT, MFT, MTHFD2, and TYMS gene expression, and chemotherapy regimen (FLV, FLOX, or FLIRI).