TLR4 and immune system disorder: This is in agreement with Wolbachia’s priming of the Immunodeficiency (IMD) and Toll pathways in A. aegypti (Rancès et al., 2012), as expression of transferrin (an iron binding protein which reduces iron availability for pathogens (Iatsenko et al., 2020)) and the antimicrobial peptide defensin is inducible by them (Costa et al., 2009; Iatsenko et al., 2020).