CD8A and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: In addition, it has been revealed that HTNV infection induces a strong cellular immune response, and T cells, particularly CD8 T cells, play a vital role in eliminating HTNV (Huang et al., 1994; Xie et al., 2013), therefore, the fluctuation of TM levels in HFRS patients seems also to reflect both the innate and cellular immune response of patients to some extent.