In studies on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), human placental mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) were shown to mitigate GVHD-induced liver injury by reducing the proportion of CD8+PD-1+ T cells via the CD73/ADO/Nrf2 signaling pathway (Yan et al., 2025). This evidence concerns the gene NT5E and graft versus host disease.