IL32 and breast cancer: It was found that in breast cancer CAF binds IL32 protein derived from CAFs to integrin β3 on the surface of breast cancer cells through cell-to-cell signaling, which activates the downstream p38 MAPK pathway, augments the expression of fibronectin, N-calmodulin, and waviness proteins, and enhances the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells (Wen et al., 2019).