CXCL12 and neoplasm: Guo et al. (2014) found that CXCL12-CXCR4 Axis promotes proliferation, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer, It has also been found that in mice with in situ ovarian cancer, the immunosuppressive network was reduced by delivery of a CXCR4 antagonist, which augmented the antitumor immune response and led to tumor-free survival, ultimately generating an antitumor immune response that controlled the growth of metastatic tumors (Komorowski et al., 2016).