STAT3 and colorectal carcinoma: NVP-AUY922, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, enhances TRAIL induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 Mcl-1 signaling pathway, and can also enhance the cytotoxic effects of various chemotherapy drugs in CRC (Lee et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2017).