A preclinical study in 2021 showed that walnuts can be nutritional intervention to prevent H. pylori-associated GC, of which dietary intake of walnuts for 36 weeks suppresses gastric tumorigenesis in mice by down-regulating pro-inflammatory (e.g., COX-2, PGE2, NF-κB, IL-6, and STAT3) and proliferative factors (e.g., Ki-67 and PCNA), while up-regulating defensive proteins (e.g., HO-1, NRF2, and SOCS-1) [85]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is gastric cancer.