Activated microglia proliferate and secrete proinflammatory cytokines, including the key cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which eventually cause neuroimmune damage, Aβ plaque accumulation in neurons, neurotoxicity, progressive behavioral abnormalities and loss of memory symptoms in AD (Hansen et al., 2018; Nanjundaiah et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.