SLC5A2 and atherosclerosis: Subsequently, numerous studies have explored the underlying mechanism of SGLT-2 inhibitions on cardiovascular protective effects, such as attenuating atherosclerosis progression via inhibiting macrophage inflammation through AMPK signaling pathway (Fu et al., 2022), preventing human VSMCs proliferation and migration via targeting TRAF3IP2/ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion (Sukhanov et al., 2021), and inhibiting formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm via p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation (Ortega et al., 2019).